Guns, Germs, and Steel (3rd)

Review what we learned last class. Took these notes.

• Much larger villages
• goats can be used for milk, fur, and meat
• animal dung can be used for fertilizer
• beneficial for animals and humans
• goats/ sheep first domesticated animals to be used
• other farm animals were next
• pigs only farm animals for new Guinea 
• almost all the farm work done by hand
• south Asia some elephants are used for work animals
•  pigs
• goats
• sheep
• cows
• horses
• two different kinds of camels 
• water buffalo
• donkeys
• llamas 
• reindeer
• yaks
• mithan 
• cattle   
• wheat and ghosts lead to the first human civilization
• 
  

why some civilizations develop faster

• diamond needed to see when people were totally equal 
• hunter gatherers small mobile groups
• women gather
• important source is sago
• They don't wear shirts.
• Barley and wheat
• simple grasses have profound impact
• ice age conditions returned
• colder and dryer
• animal heards died off
• trees and plants did too
• lasted more than 1000 years
• earliest permanent village in the world
• oval huts partially cut in the ground
• 11500 years ago
• huge discovery 
• the way crops are changed is known as domestication
• precise process
• not different from what they were doing years ago
• establish links between farming people and civilization people he thinks he can be "Well on his way to the links"
• china was next
• then america
• africa farmed yams and more
• relatively large advanced civilization formed from that
• 50 years after westerners colonized  
• 10000 years
• almost as long as westerners

Papua new Guinean notes

• Start off in papua new guinea 
• Gared Diamond
• Leading expert on bird life
• Americans have so much but new Guineans have little.
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